ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: PGF2α is essential for the induction of the corpus luteum regression which in turn reduces progesterone production. Early growth response (EGR) proteins are Cys2-His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that are strongly linked to cellular proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Rapid elevation of EGR1 was observed after luteolytic dose of PGF2α. EGR1 is involved in the transactivation of many genes, including TGFß1, which plays an important role during luteal regression. METHODS: The current study was conducted in buffalo luteal cells with the aim to better understand the role of EGR1 in transactivation of TGFß1 during PGF2α induced luteal regression. Luteal cells from mid stage corpus luteum of buffalo were cultured and treated with different doses of PGF2α for different time durations. Relative expression of mRNAs encoding for enzymes within the progesterone biosynthetic pathway (3ßHSD, CYP11A1 and StAR); Caspase 3; AKT were analyzed to confirm the occurrence of luteolytic event. To determine if EGR1 is involved in the PGF2α induced luteal regression via induction of TGFß1 expression, we knocked out the EGR1 gene by using CRISPR/Cas9. RESULT: The present experiment determined whether EGR1 protein expression in luteal cells was responsive to PGF2α treatment. Quantification of EGR1 and TGFß1 mRNA showed significant up regulation in luteal cells of buffalo at 12 h post PGF2α induction. In order to validate the role of PGF2α on stimulating the expression of TGFß1 by an EGR1 dependent mechanism we knocked out EGR1. The EGR1 ablated luteal cells were stimulated with PGF2α and it was observed that EGR1 KO did not modulate the PGF2α induced expression of TGFß1. In PGF2α treated EGR1 KO luteal cell, the mRNA expression of Caspase 3 was significantly increased compared to PGF2α treated wild type luteal cells maintained for 12 h. We also studied the influence of EGR1 on steroidogenesis. The EGR1 KO luteal cells with PGF2α treatment showed no substantial difference either in the progesterone concentration or in StAR mRNA expression with PGF2α-treated wild type luteal cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EGR1 signaling is not the only factor which plays a role in the regulation of PGF2α induced TGFß1 signaling for luteolysis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Buffaloes , Dinoprost/pharmacology , Corpus Luteum/physiology , Luteolysis , Early Growth Response Protein 1/physiology , Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats , Signal Transduction , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression Regulation , Corpus Luteum/cytology , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/physiologyABSTRACT
Background: Every year about 50,000, people die of snake bites in India. Anti-snake venom and mechanical ventilation is mainstay of treatment in cases with severe neurotoxic envenomation. ASV is costly and scarce resource. There is lack of universal consensus towards the optimal dose of ASV in management protocol for children with severe neurotoxic snake envenomation. Objective was to compare the difference in outcome between two fixed doses of ASV, 10vials versus 20 vials, in children with severe neurotoxic snake envenomationMethods: This comparative observational study was carried out for a period of 3 years in Department of Pediatrics of SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. Children with history of snake bite and clinical evidence of neuroparalysis were included. In addition to the mechanical ventilation and other supportive measures, every alternate patient was administered with 10vials (low dose) and 20 vials (high dose) of ASV over 1 hour. Outcome was compared between the two groups.Results: Of the 62 patients, 32 were in each group. The median time to extubation was 41 hours and 39.5 hours and mean duration of the hospital stay was 4.6 days and 4.5 days among the low dose and high dose groups, respectively. There were three deaths, one from low dose group and two from high dose group.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in outcome between the 10 vials vs 20 vials of ASV in addition to mechanical ventilation in treatment of children with severe neurotoxic snake envenomation. So, 10 vials of ASV can be utilized to reduce the cost of treatment.
ABSTRACT
Dysregulated response of cytokines can result in hyper-inflammatory conditions called cytokine storm,commonly seen in sepsis and septic shock..The current study assessed hemoadsorption device - CytoSorb® for its efficiency as an adjuvant in treating patients suffering from septic shock. Total 8 patients enrolled were subjected to hemoadsorption therapy along with the standard treatment.The results of the study revealed significant improvement in clinical and haemodynamic parameters before and after initiation of CytoSorb® therapy. Out of 8 patients, 6 showed a positive outcome while 2 did not survive.The results of this study show that the use of hemoadsorption therapy can be considered in critically ill ICU patients as a safe and effective adjuvant therapy along with the standard treatment for a better outcome in patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Irrespective of source of stress, high levels of emotional stress promotes cardiovascular,neurological and behavioral changes and negative life style practices, which has negative impact on qualityof life.Objective: The present study was planned with the aim to provide scientific evidence for beneficial effectsof vestibular stimulation in limiting stress induced changes in quality of life.Materials and methods: 240 healthy college students were included in the study after obtaining writteninformed consent. Vestibular stimulation was administered by making the participants to swing on a swingin back to front direction, according to their comfort as per standard methods. This was a longitudinal follow-up study in which, participants were assessed three times. The first assessment was performed duringregular classes (with no examination in preceding two weeks and forth coming two weeks), these are pre-intervention values. The second assessment was performed eight months after the intervention (duringregular classes), and third assessment was performed sixteen months after the intervention in stressedstate (A week before the University examinations). Quality of life was assessed by using WHOQOL-BREF.Results: Significant increase in physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment scoreswas observed in both males and females followed by vestibular stimulation.Conclusion: vestibular stimulation significantly improved overall quality of life. Hence, the study supportsadoption of vestibular stimulation as an adjunctive therapy to achieve multiple life style benefits includingbetter quality of life in general.
ABSTRACT
There is an increasing need to subtype non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and this subtyping guides the treatment with the advent of targeted therapies that are available for cases of adenocarcinoma of lung, by which prognosis can be improved. In cases of lung cancer, many a times, cytology may be the only material available to render a diagnosis; cases that are poorly differentiated on morphology are challenging to subtype and the immunocytochemical markers can be applied on these cytosmears for further subtyping of NSCLC. Aims and Objectives This study was carried out to check the expression of p63 and TTF-1 in diagnostically difficult cases, such as NSCLC, poorly differentiated lung carcinomas on pulmonary cytology samples, and to further subtype them into squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods The study period was from 1 September 2013 to 31 August 2015; during this span, the total number of malignancies that were diagnosed on cytology was 585 cases. Prestained slides (haematoxylin and eosin or H&E, Papanicolaou or Pap) were collected over a span of these two years and these were destained using 1% acid alcohol with intermittent washing followed by running of p63 and TTF-1 as the immunocytochemical markers. Observations and Results The smears that are positive for p63 are labelled as squamous cell carcinoma and those that are positive for TTF-1 are labelled as adenocarcinoma, as these markers are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, respectively; neuroendocrine markers were used in the cases that were positive for TTF-1 to rule out small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: By the positive expression of p63 and TTF-1, the cases were labelled as squamous cell carcinoma and primary adenocarcinoma of lung, with due considerations given to the clinical and radiological parameters.
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Background and Objectives: Intramuscular injection is an everyday procedure which is not without its hazards. Although insuring bodies have pointed out that the lateral thigh is the least unsafe site for an IM injection. The commonly used sites in the adult are gluteal and deltoid muscle. The present study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge related to intramuscular administration of medication among staff nurses.Material and Methods: 30 samples were selected and descriptive research approach was used in the study. The level of study was assessed using self-administered questionnaire.Results: 46.67 % had inadequate knowledge, 40% had moderate knowledge regarding g the administration of IM injection. Efforts were also made to find the association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables. There is significant association between knowledge and educational status and years of clinical experience.Conclusion: The present study assessed the knowledge of staff nurses regarding the administration of intramuscular (IM) medication and tries to find association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables. At the nd of the study, the investigators found that there is association between the level of knowledge, age, educational status and year of experience.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to standardize optimal vestibular stimulation and to investigate its impact on anxiety levels in college students. Vestibular stimulation was achieved by swinging on a swing (Back to front direction) and the participants were advised to adjust frequency, duration and intensity, according to comfort. Frequency, intensity and duration were recorded manually. The anxiety status was assessed by using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after vestibular stimulation. It has been observed that the anxiety status was significantly decreased after vestibular stimulation. There is a need for future study with larger sample size to substantiate the therapeutic validity of vestibular stimulation as a physiological treatment for stress relief and stress related disorders among college students.